Let’s dive into a topic that anyone working with electricity—whether you’re an experienced electrician, an electrical engineer, or even just someone interested in the field—needs to understand: NEC 2023, Article 90. I know that National Electrical Code (NEC) standards might not sound exciting at first, but they are essential to ensure that the electrical systems in our homes, businesses, and public spaces are safe, efficient, and reliable. NEC Article 90 serves as the foundation for the entire code, outlining its purpose, scope, and applicability. Let’s break it down in a way that’s easier to digest.

What is NEC Article 90?

The NEC, updated every three years, is the bible of electrical standards in the U.S., and Article 90 is its introduction. It sets the tone for how the rest of the code should be interpreted and applied. Article 90 isn’t about the nitty-gritty details of how to wire a building or install a breaker. Instead, it explains why the NEC exists, who it applies to, and how it’s enforced. Think of it as the table of contents and mission statement of the NEC combined.

Purpose: Why Was the NEC Created?

At its core, the NEC is designed for one thing: safety. Article 90.1 clearly states that the NEC exists to protect people and property from electrical hazards. This is more than just preventing fires—though that’s certainly a big part of it. The NEC is also about preventing electric shocks, explosions, and other dangers that could result from improper electrical installations.

The NEC isn’t there to make your job harder or add unnecessary red tape. It’s there because the consequences of poor electrical work are too serious to ignore. Imagine if you wired a system without any regard for grounding or overcurrent protection. It might work for a while, but eventually, something is going to fail—potentially with catastrophic results.

Scope: What Does the NEC Cover?

NEC Article 90.2 goes on to explain where the NEC applies. Basically, if it involves electricity, the NEC has something to say about it. We’re talking about everything from the wiring in your home to the massive electrical systems in factories. However, the NEC doesn’t cover everything electrical. For example, Article 90 makes it clear that certain installations, like those used by utility companies for power generation and distribution, fall outside its jurisdiction. These are covered by separate standards.

It’s important to understand the distinction: the NEC is concerned with the safety of electrical installations in buildings where people live, work, or congregate—not the power lines outside your house or the transformers down the street.

How is the NEC Enforced?

This is where Article 90.4 comes into play. The NEC itself doesn’t enforce the rules; it’s a standard, not a law. Enforcement is up to local authorities, such as building inspectors or municipal electrical boards. These authorities have the final say on how strictly the code is applied and can grant exceptions or variances in certain circumstances.

One interesting aspect of the NEC’s enforcement is the “authority having jurisdiction,” or AHJ. The AHJ is whoever has the legal authority to enforce the code in your area. This could be a city inspector, a fire marshal, or another official body. If the AHJ says a certain installation is unsafe or non-compliant, you have to fix it, no questions asked.

Intent of the NEC: Safety vs. Convenience

Now, let’s talk about the intent of the NEC, outlined in Article 90.1. While safety is the primary concern, the NEC also tries to balance practicality and cost-effectiveness. That said, when it comes down to safety versus convenience or cost, safety wins every time. For instance, you might find yourself grumbling about having to run a separate ground wire in an installation that seems to work fine without it. But NEC guidelines ensure that, even in rare or unexpected situations, the system will be safe.

This is where electricians and engineers can sometimes feel friction. NEC regulations might seem overboard for certain small projects, but they exist for a reason. Electrical failures might be rare, but when they happen, the results can be deadly. The NEC operates on the principle that it’s better to over-prepare than to take shortcuts.

What Article 90 Tells Us About Changes in the 2023 Code

Article 90 is particularly helpful when trying to navigate the differences between older versions of the NEC and the most recent updates. As the 2023 edition of the NEC rolls out, many electricians and contractors are eager to know what’s changed. While Article 90 doesn’t get into specifics, it sets the stage for understanding the broader changes.

For instance, one of the big pushes in the 2023 update is related to renewable energy systems, like solar panels and energy storage solutions. As these technologies have become more common, the NEC has had to evolve to address the new types of electrical hazards they bring. Article 90 makes it clear that the NEC is not a static document. It’s updated every three years for a reason: technology changes, and so do the risks associated with electrical systems.

Exceptions to the Rule: When Does the NEC Not Apply?

Interestingly, Article 90.2(b) outlines some situations where the NEC does not apply. These include things like ships, airplanes, and automotive vehicles. Also, installations under the exclusive control of utility companies are generally outside the NEC’s jurisdiction. If you’re working in these areas, there are other standards and codes to follow.

Another important exception to note is in rural areas where local authorities might not strictly enforce the NEC. This doesn’t mean it’s okay to ignore the code, but rather that enforcement can vary depending on where you are. Always check with your local AHJ to see how strictly they follow the NEC.

The Future of Electrical Safety

The NEC is constantly evolving to keep up with new technologies and safety challenges. As renewable energy sources like wind and solar become more widespread, and as we continue to electrify everything from cars to entire industries, the importance of the NEC will only grow. Article 90 helps remind us that while electricity makes modern life possible, it also comes with risks. Following the NEC isn’t just about complying with regulations; it’s about ensuring that the systems we build today will be safe and reliable for years to come.

Wrapping it Up

In a nutshell, NEC Article 90 serves as the guiding star for the rest of the National Electrical Code. It explains why the NEC exists, where it applies, and how it’s enforced. Whether you’re a seasoned electrician or someone just starting in the field, understanding Article 90 is crucial. It gives you the framework to navigate the more technical parts of the code and reminds you that, above all, safety is the number one priority. Sure, it might seem like a dry topic at first, but when you consider the potential dangers of poorly designed or installed electrical systems, it’s clear why the NEC is so important. Article 90 lays the foundation for a safer, more reliable electrical world—one connection at a time.